FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN BAE 9TH AR, FIG. 93, P. 146."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/112 , retrieved 12-30-2019: A pair of labrets with a split bead attached to each specimen. The labrets are made from marble, and have been shaped by grinding and polishing to form an outer disk set off from an inner flange by a shallow groove. Each labret has half of a transparent blue glass bead cemented to the outer surface of the disk. A shallow groove has been cut around the middle of each of the beads. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/35: Inuvialuit males wore stud-shaped ornaments in incisions under each corner of the mouth. Labrets were often decorated by attaching half of a bead to the outer surface.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN PROCEEDINGS, USNM, VOL. 60; PL. 24, NO. 9; P. 48." FROM 19TH OR EARLY 20TH CENTURY EXHIBIT LABEL WITH CARD: "ADJUSTABLE SPEAR-HEADS.-CONSIST OF TWO PARTS: A CARVED, BARBED BONE, WHICH IS POINTED AND FITS INTO HEAD OF WOODEN SHAFT, AND A METAL HEAD, BARBED, WHICH IS LASHED IN A SLOT IN OUTER END OF THE BONE HEAD. FROM ANDERSON RIVER. LENGTHS, 6 1/2 INS. TO 1 FT. 2 INS. BRITISH AMERICA, 1867. COLLECTED BY ROBERT [SIC, SHOULD BE RODERICK] MACFARLANE. NOS. 7,420, 2,431, AND FOUR SPECIMENS, NO. 2,675."Note that 7420 is mentioned as being used in an exhibit in Berlin in 1880 on p. 60 of USNM Bulletin No. 18.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/111 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Dart head made from whalebone. It has two barbs along one edge, and an iron blade set into a slot at one end and held in place with an iron rivet. The other end tapers to a rounded point where it would have been inserted into a socket at the end of a shaft. Near that end a hole has been drilled for attaching a line. The Smithsonian Institution's catalogue card identifies this item as a fish spear, but more likely it is a head for a dart used for hunting sea mammals. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/38: Darts are used for hunting sea mammals such as seals and whales. Darts have a barbed point that is inserted into a socket at the end of a shaft. The dart head detached from the shaft and stays attached to an animal when it is struck. A line fastened to the dart head is secured at the other end to a float or to the shaft.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/110 , retrieved 2-11-2020: This is the side of a wooden box that has been illustrated with drawings made by applying red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. At the far left is an illustration that resembles a person in a kayak with the distinctive 'horns' typical of the Inuvialuit form of that watercraft. To the right of that illustration is a caribou seen in profile, seemingly in the act of being shot by a person in a kneeling position aiming a rifle. The hunter appears to be wearing a hat with a brim, suggesting that he is European. Further to the right are three figures that seem to be holding hands: a woman, a child and a man. The woman's hairstyle and their clothing suggest that Inuvialuit are depicted. At the far right is an illustration of another person, who is holding a pole-like object. This figure has been drawn using black pigment; the other illustrations are all rendered in red.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/109 , retrieved 12-19-2019: A model of a boy's inner parka and trousers made of caribou skin with the hair on the inside. The parka has a painted ochre band on the wolverine fur strip around the hood and hem. There are fur tassels on the shoulders and at centre back that also have ochre on the skin. The trousers have the leggings and feet as all one unit. There is a fur tassel on the thigh of the right leg.

FROM CARD: "FANCY PATTERN. INVENTORIED 1976. ILLUS. IN USNM AR, 1894; PL. 4, FIG. 347; P. 336."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/108 , retrieved 1-8-2020: A pair of men's boots made from dehaired seal hide. Pieces of hide with a dark, natural colour and lighter, bleached pieces have been used. The soles are pleated around the toes and at the heel. A centre seam up the front of the leg has a folded piece (welt) of dark hide in the seam. The boots are decorated near the top with strips and welts of dark and light seal hide and small cut pieces of hide. Sewn around the top of each of the boots is a strip of haired seal hide. A hide thong passes through loops on the sole. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/23: Warm, dry footwear is essential for survival in the Arctic. The MacFarlane Collection includes examples of knee-length boots known as kamaks, and ankle high moccasin-type footwear. These garments have been skillfully made, and often were decorated by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin. The soles are crimped along the front edges to make the shape conform to the foot.

Records in the SI Archives of the Office of Distribution for the year 1867, say this tool board was exchanged (no recipient listed) but apparently either this is incorrect or it was later returned to the Museum.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/107 , retrieved 1-3-2020: A toolkit used for making arrows. It consists of a cutting board made from wood with two small pouches attached to it with strips of hide. One pouch contains red ochre and the other contains wax or spruce gum. A small knife with an iron blade and wood handle has a broken hide thong at one end, and likely had also been attached to the cutting board. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/5: Toolkits, consisting of a small cutting board and knife for splitting and trimming feathers and small pouches containing red ochre and wax or spruce gum that the ochre was mixed with, were used for making and repairing arrows. Hunting implements often were stained with red ochre in the belief that it gave them added power.

This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/106 , retrieved 1-24-2020. General information on pipes is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe

From card: "Fish spear point bone."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/105 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Arrowhead made from bone. It is self-pointed, with barbs along one edge and a conical tang that appears to have been repaired. The Smithsonian Institution catalogue identifies this as a tip for a fish spear; however, it is similar in size and shape to arrowheads on arrows in the MacFarlane Collection. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

A sinew cable-backed bow.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/104 , retrieved 1-8-2020: Sinew-backed recurve bow made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce. The bow stave is elliptical in cross section along its entire length and flares outward slightly between the grip at the midpoint and the ends when viewed from the front and back. It has knob-like projections at each end for holding the bowstring, which is of braided sinew. The braided sinew backing is attached to sinew lashings that pass under the backing cables and encircle the stave. A piece of hide has been laid between the backing and the stave. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.

FROM CARD: "FIFTH OF REAL SIZE. SEMILUNAR SHAPE, SLATE, SOME TRACES OF BURNING. ILLUS: USNM REPT. 1896; PL 10; P. 1048." SEE NMNH REGISTRAR FILE "177 FOR THE YEAR 1863".Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/103 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Lamp model. Oil lamp carved from soapstone. This item is only 9 cm long, and is described in the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a model of a travelling lamp, which was a small lamp carried by people when they were travelling away from their main dwellings. It also resembles lamps used in domestic settings. It has the crescent shape characteristic of oil lamps, but lacks a ledge for a wick. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/37: Lamps carved from soapstone were used for lighting and heating dwellings. Oil placed in the shallow basin was soaked up by a moss wick and set alight. Lamps used in sod houses ranged up to a metre in length. Smaller lamps around 20 cm in length were commonly used to illuminate and warm up snow houses when travelling in winter.