« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« A pick made from a bear bone is crudely sharpened at one end (fig. 5b). Speck indicates that it was used to punch holes in meat which was to be smoked and preserved for making pemmican. Such holes open up them eat, allowing the smoke to penetrate. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 5b (p.33)

« Fishing equipment in the Speck collection includes seven fish hooks, five of which have wooden shanks and bone points. The shank is split at the distal end for insertion of the point at about a 30 degree angle. Commercial two-ply twine was used to bind the split area of the shank and more twine was secured about the center of the point and then about the shank. There is a knob at the proximal end of the shank to which is fastened a short piece of caribou skin which served as a leader (fig. 3g). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.6, fig. 3g (p.31). « Hooks of both types were baited with minnows and used with set lines. Muskellunge, pike, and other large fish swallowed the hook which then caught in the stomach rather than in the mouth or gills. Fish hooks with wooden shanks were used by the neighboring Mistassini and are described and illustrated by Rogers (1967, p. 88, pi. XIV-A). » Ibis.

« Fishing equipment in the Speck collection includes seven fish hooks, five of which have wooden shanks and bone points. The shank is split at the distal end for insertion of the point at about a 30 degree angle. Commercial two-ply twine was used to bind the split area of the shank and more twine was secured about the center of the point and then about the shank. There is a knob at the proximal end of the shank to which is fastened a short piece of caribou skin which served as a leader (fig. 3g). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.6, fig. 3g (p.31). « Hooks of both types were baited with minnows and used with set lines. Muskellunge, pike, and other large fish swallowed the hook which then caught in the stomach rather than in the mouth or gills. Fish hooks with wooden shanks were used by the neighboring Mistassini and are described and illustrated by Rogers (1967, p. 88, pi. XIV-A). » Ibis.

« Fishing equipment in the Speck collection includes seven fish hooks, five of which have wooden shanks and bone points. The shank is split at the distal end for insertion of the point at about a 30 degree angle. Commercial two-ply twine was used to bind the split area of the shank and more twine was secured about the center of the point and then about the shank. There is a knob at the proximal end of the shank to which is fastened a short piece of caribou skin which served as a leader (fig. 3g). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.6, fig. 3g (p.31). « Hooks of both types were baited with minnows and used with set lines. Muskellunge, pike, and other large fish swallowed the hook which then caught in the stomach rather than in the mouth or gills. Fish hooks with wooden shanks were used by the neighboring Mistassini and are described and illustrated by Rogers (1967, p. 88, pi. XIV-A). » Ibis.

« Fishing equipment in the Speck collection includes seven fish hooks, five of which have wooden shanks and bone points. The shank is split at the distal end for insertion of the point at about a 30 degree angle. Commercial two-ply twine was used to bind the split area of the shank and more twine was secured about the center of the point and then about the shank. There is a knob at the proximal end of the shank to which is fastened a short piece of caribou skin which served as a leader (fig. 3g). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.6, fig. 3g (p.31). « Hooks of both types were baited with minnows and used with set lines. Muskellunge, pike, and other large fish swallowed the hook which then caught in the stomach rather than in the mouth or gills. Fish hooks with wooden shanks were used by the neighboring Mistassini and are described and illustrated by Rogers (1967, p. 88, pi. XIV-A). » Ibis.