FROM CARD: "3 PARTS EACH. 1 DRILL."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/27 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Bow drill set consisting of a bow, mouthpiece and spindle. The bow is a slightly curved piece of antler which has holes drilled through each end for holding a hide thong. The mouthpiece has been fashioned from wood, and has a bearing made from hard limestone or marble inset into it. The mouthpiece lacks the wide flanges for protecting the cheeks found on most items of this type in the collection. The spindle has a wood shaft and an iron bit held in an antler socket piece that is secured to the shaft with a sinew lashing. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/20: The bow drills in the MacFarlane Collection were used for boring holes into wood, antler, bone and ivory. The drill spindle (shaft) has a bit at one end, and the other end is shaped to fit into a bearing that is held between the teeth. The spindle is rotated by wrapping a slack thong attached at each end of a drill bow around it, and moving the bow back and forth. Ancestral Inuvialuit also used another type of bow drill for starting fires.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/26 , retrieved 2-7-2020: A pair of mittens made of wolverine hide. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/41: Mittens with separate thumbs were used for keeping the hands warm in winter. They usually have the hair on the outside at the back of the mitten, which can be held against one's face to keep it warm. The mittens usually are quite short, as the fur trim on the sleeves of parkas protected the exposed wrist.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN PROCEEDINGS, USNM, VOL. 60; NO. 5; P. 48."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/25 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Knife with a long iron blade hafted in a two-piece handle made from whalebone. A hide thong wrapped around the handle secures the blade, and would have made the handle easier to grip. The blade is sharpened along one edge only. Two pairs of lines cut into the back of the blade near the handle may be ownership marks. This object is identified in the Smithsonian Institution catalogue as a 'blubber knife', and was probably used for flensing beluga and bowhead whales.Flensing is the removing of the blubber or outer integument of whales, separating it from the animal's meat.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/24 , retrieved 12-19-2019: Dart; object is not further analyzed or described on the site. General information on darts here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/38: Darts are used for hunting sea mammals such as seals and whales. Darts have a barbed point that is inserted into a socket at the end of a shaft. The dart head detached from the shaft and stays attached to an animal when it is struck. A line fastened to the dart head is secured at the other end to a float or to the shaft.

Sinew cable-backed bow and quiver.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/23 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Bow. Small bow, part of a set that includes a quiver. This is identified on the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a 'boy's bow'. The stave is approximately 52 cm long, or half the size of a regular bow of this type. It is a somle bow, made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce. The bow stave is thickest in the middle and flattened at each end, where knob-like projections have been carved to hold a bowstring made of braided sinew. A long piece of braided sinew is laid lengthwise along the back of the bow, passing around the end projections and twisted together into two cables. The sinew backing is attached to the stave by a series of hitches, also made from sinew. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/313 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Quiver, part of a set that includes a bow, that is identified on the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a 'boy's bow'. The quiver is made from caribou hide. It has a sleeve with a wood rod inserted as a stiffener sewn along one side, and a carrying strap made from a hide thong is sewn onto that side. On the opposite side are a number of fringes, some of which are decoratedwith white beads. The opening for the arrows has been finished by folding it back and sewing it in place.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/22 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Needle case, strap and belt hook. The needle case is a hollow ivory tube with eight split beads embedded in shallow drilled holes and cemented in place. The beads are a small, opaque blue variety. One end of a hide strap passes through the needle case and is attached with a wrapping of sinew to a cap that seals that end of the needle case when the strap is drawn tight. The cap has a split blue bead embedded in it. Attached to the strap is a small length of sinew with three small white beads attached. The other end of the strap is doubled back on itself and knotted to form a loop, and attached to an ivory implement of a type that has variously been identified as a belt hook or holder for skin thimbles. This object is a flattened piece of ivory with a hole at one end where it attaches to the strap. A curved slit runs from one side almost to the other end, and terminates at a drilled hole, probably to prevent it from splitting. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/42: Sewing needles were kept in a tube-like case with a skin strap running through the centre. The needles were stuck into the strap, and then pulled into the case. Hooks for fastening the case to a belt, or holders for thimbles made from skin, were often attached to one end of the leather straps.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM AR, 1890; PL. 56, FIG. 3; P. 416 (ULU) BLADE OF SHEET IRON, INSERTED WITHOUT RIVETS INTO A SLIT IN THE HANDLE OF WALRUS IVORY. THE LATTER IS EXCAVED ON BOTH SIDES TO FIT THE HAND AND ORNAMENTED WITH WHALEBONE PLACED THROUGH PERFORATIONS IN THE UPPER BORDER WITH SLIGHT VARIATIONS. ILLUS. HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 353, FIG. 7A."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/21 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Ulu with an iron blade and ivory handle. The handle has a transverse slot along the bottom edge into which the blade has been inserted, and an elongated perforation has been cut through the handle to provide a hand grip. Seven holes have been drilled through the top of the handle, through which strands of baleen have been laced, probably to enhance the grip when working with slippery materials. The curved cutting edge has been sharpened by filing along both sides. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/58: An ulu is a knife with a crescent-shaped blade attached to a handle made of wood, bone or antler. The design of an ulu ensures that the cutting force is centred more over the middle of the blade than with an ordinary knife. Ulus are used for skinning animals, scraping skins, cutting hides when sewing as well as for other household tasks. They are sometimes called 'women's knives' since they usually are associated with women's tasks.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/20 , retrieved 1-3-2020: Crooked knife with an iron blade attached to an antler handle with two iron rivets. The handle is curved in a slight arc, and at the end with the blade it is cut aslant and has an indentation on the face opposite the blade to provide a grip for the thumb when held in the right hand. The handle is decorated on the same face with two parallel incised lines that follow the bottom edge of the handle. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/18: Crooked knives were used for shaping wood, bone and antler. The Inuvialuit style of crooked knife has a small blade attached near the end of a curved handle. The knife is held with the fingers of one hand on the underside of the handle, and the thumb positioned on top of the blade in an indentation in the handle. The craftsman rests the underside of the blade against the object being worked, and draws the knife towards the body while using the thumb on the hand holding the tool to check the depth of the cut.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/19 , retrieved 12-10-2019: This object is identified in the Smithsonian Institution catalogue as an 'ice scoop'; however, that identification is uncertain. It is a cup-shaped implement made from muskox horn that has been sewn into a covering made of dehaired and softened hide, likely from a newborn caribou.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/18 , retrieved 1-24-2020: Saw with an iron blade hafted to a handle made of antler. The blade has teeth that are only slightly raised along the cutting edge. It has been inserted into a slot cut into one edge of the handle and held in place with two rivets. The handle also has three notches cut into each edge, and it may originally have been intended that the blade would have been secured in place by wrapping lashings around the handle and through holes (which are not present) in the blade. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/49: Saws for cutting wood, bone, antler and ivory had thin metal blades attached to bone handles. Shallow notches in the saw blades were made by striking the edge with the thicker blade of a knife.