FROM CARD: "ESKIMO KNIFE. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 4, FIG. 5C, P. 401. IDENTIFIED THERE AS KNIFE OF ATHABASKAN TYPE MADE FROM FILE."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/37 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Knife made from a single piece of iron that serves as the blade, handle and pommel. Remnants of cross-hatched lines on the surface of the blade show that this knife was made from a file. The blade has been sharpened along one edge. It is narrower at the handle, which has been wrapped with light and dark pieces of hide thong. The pommel was made by splitting and bending the piece of iron below the handle. This style of knife, and in particular the shape of the pommel, is characteristic of iron knives made in Siberia and traded throughout the western Arctic and Subarctic, although it may have been made locally, copying that design.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/36 , retrieved 1-8-2020: Graver with an iron blade set into a handle made from antler or bone. The handle consists of two pieces of antler or bone with matching grooves at one end that hold the blade. Parts of the handle pieces have been cut away near the blade, leaving a slight step at that end. One of the handle pieces has a similar step at the opposite end; the other part of the handle has been sharpened to a point at that end. The two parts of the handle are held together with a hide thong wrapping. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/27: Gravers with iron tips held in bone and antler shafts were used for engraving designs on ivory, bone antler and wood.Listed on page 37 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Western Eskimo".

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/34 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Marlinspike used for attaching sinew backing to a bow. It is made from bone, and at one end has a hole and two notches along each side that likely had been used for attaching to a thong, together with other bow-making tools. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/11: Sinew backing was attached to a bow using a marlinspike and a pair of cable twisters. One end of the marlinspike is tapered, and is used to raise strands of sinew when lashing them to the stave, and for tucking in the ends of the lashings. Cable twisters are turned outwards in opposite directions at each end. They are used in pairs for twisting strands of braided sinew into cables that run along the centre part of the bow stave.

FROM 19TH OR EARLY 20TH CENTURY EXHIBIT LABEL WITH CARD 7420: "ADJUSTABLE SPEAR-HEADS.-CONSIST OF TWO PARTS: A CARVED, BARBED BONE, WHICH IS POINTED AND FITS INTO HEAD OF WOODEN SHAFT, AND A METAL HEAD, BARBED, WHICH IS LASHED IN A SLOT IN OUTER END OF THE BONE HEAD. FROM ANDERSON RIVER. LENGTHS, 6 1/2 INS. TO 1 FT. 2 INS. BRITISH AMERICA, 1867. COLLECTED BY ROBERT [SIC, SHOULD BE RODERICK] MACFARLANE. NOS. 7,420, 2,431, AND FOUR SPECIMENS, NO. 2,675."Note that 2675 is mentioned as being used in an exhibit in Berlin in 1880 on p. 60 of USNM Bulletin No. 18. Objects are described there as heads of fish-darts, Eskimo, Mackenzie River district.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/33 , retrieved 1-8-2020: This is a set of four iron-tipped arrowheads. Three are made from bone, and one is made from antler. The body of each arrowhead has barbs along one edge, and each has a conical tang that would have been inserted into the ends of an arrow shaft. The iron tips are held in slots cut into the forward ends of the arrowheads.. The three bone arrowheads have sinew binding compressing the slot, keeping the iron tip securely in place, while the arrowhead made of antler has a rivet running through the slot. One of the arrowheads has two notches just above the tang, which may have been an owner's mark. The Smithsonian Instutiton catalogue identifies these items as tips for salmon spears; however, they are similar in size and shape to arrowheads on arrows in the MacFarlane Collection.

FROM CARD: "*DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CAT. #577."

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/32 , retrieved 12-19-2019: A pair of men's boots. The sole is bleached seal hide with tight pleating around the fore portion of the foot and the heels. A pointed vamp made up of strips of dehaired dark and light seal hide joins the leg section and the sole. The uppers are made from caribou hide with the hair still on. They have tags made from hide sewn into some of the seams, and white hide inserts are sewn into one side, just above the ankle. The boots were probably worn with these white pieces to the outside.

FROM CARD: "WOODEN REEL WITH WOODEN PEGS THROUGH ITS SHAFT AS LINE GUIDES. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 352, FIG. 4B."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/31 , retrieved 12-31-2019: This type of fishing rod was used when ice fishing. It is made of wood, and has a long shaft and a handle that is offset from the shaft. Two wood pegs have been inserted through holes drilled fore and aft in the shaft. Wrapped around these pegs is a line made from several strips of baleen knotted together. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/21: Fishing tackle was used for catching fish in rivers and streams during the open water season, and for jigging through holes chiseled through ice in winter and spring. Fishing tackle in the MacFarlane Collection includes fishing rods (iqaluksiun) with lines (ipiutaq) made from baleen, and bone and antler lures (niksik) with iron hooks. Less commonly, fishhooks were made from wood.

SI ARCHIVE DISTRIBUTION DOCUMENTS SAY AN OBJECT WITH THIS NUMBER SENT TO PEABODY MUSEUM, HARVARD, MASS. 1887.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/30 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Two ivory rods with holes drilled at each end that may have been bag handles, although no bags using this type of handle are present in the collection. One of the handles is straight. The other is curved, and is decorated with engraved lines. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/7: Skin bags used for storing tools and other items often had carrying handles made from antler or ivory. Bag handles commonly had holes drilled at each end for fastening ties that were attached to the bags.

PER CARD, ORIGINALLY CATALOGUED AS A BOW, QUIVER, AND 8 ARROWS. FROM CARD: "QUIVER, BOW, ARROW-ILLUS. IN SMITHSONIAN REPT, 1893; PL. 94; FIG. 679."There is no bow with this quiver and arrow set as of 27 Oct 2009.Quiver: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/290 , retrieved 2-5-2020: Quiver, part of a set that includes seven arrows. The quiver is made from caribou hide. It has a sleeve for a stiffener sewn along one side, and a carrying strap made from a hide thon is sewn onto that side. Above the carrying strap is another thong that likely was used for wrapping around the quiver when not in use. Ten cut and notched hoof sheaths have been attached to the quiver with hide thongs; several other thongs sewn along the sides may have held similar hooves. The quiver has been decorated on one side with red ochre lines. One line runs almost the entire length of the quiver. Shorter lines terminating in a 'Y' shape are connected to the longer line at right angles. Between each of these lines is a still shorter line. The quiver is large enough to have held a strung bow, in addition to the arrows. More information on quivers here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/46: Arrows were kept in skin quivers that hunters carried slung on their backs. Red ochre stain and other decorations were often added to bring luck or to give power to the hunter.Arrows: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/29 , retrieved 2-5-2020: This is a set of seven arrows that was acquired with a quiver. Six of the arrows have been fletched with rough-legged hawk feathers, and one has goose feather fletching. Five arrows have bone or antler arrowheads, and of those, four have barbs along one edge. Four of the bone and antler arrowheads have been tipped with metal blades inserted into slots at the ends of the arrowheads, and one is self-pointed. Arrowheads are missing from two arrows. Each of the arrows has been decorated with four lines applied with black stain encircling the shaft tin the area of the fletching. These marks may have been applied to identify the owner. More information on arrows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

From Card: "LENT TO PRINCE OF WALES NORTHERN HERITAGE CENTER, 6-3-92. LOAN RETURNED: DEC 21 1992. "Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/28 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Pipe with a metal bowl and a stem made of wood. The upper part of the bowl is made from a gilt metal button and is attached to a cylindrical post with a flange at its base, also made of metal. The bowl has a shallow concavity at the top, with a hole that continues through to the stem. The pipe stem is in two longitudinal sections that have been bound together with a lashing made of hide, which also wraps around a flange at the base of the bowl, fastening it to the stem. A pick made from two iron nails is attached to the pipe by a hide thong. The button used for the pipe bowl has a message in raised letters on the underside that has been partially obstructed where the post has been attached. The message on complete specimens of this button known from other source reads: GONE N.E. OF PT BARROW / INVESTIGATOR – AUGT 1850 / ENTERPRISE – AUGT 1851 / PLOVER AT PORT CLARENCE / 1852 [in center] / SQUADRON WITH STEAMERS SEARCHING N & W / OF PARRY ISLAND 1852 / DEPOTS OF PROVISIONS / REFUGE INLET . PORT LEOPOLD / & ADMIRALTY INLET IN BARROW STRAITS These so-called 'rescue buttons' (also known as 'postal buttons') were made by the British Navy and distrtibuted to Inuit during the search for the missing 1845 Franklin Expedition. The British Navy hoped would fall into the hands of survivors of the Franklin Expedition, informing them of where they could seek help. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.Sue Rowley (Associate Professor of Anthropology at UBC) says "A number of years ago I was fortunate to see this pipe at the Smithsonian. I did some research on the medal that forms the rim of the pipe bowl. There is an unaltered version of the medal at the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge, England."