Bow: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/234 , retrieved 2-5-2020: Simple bow with sinew backing made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce. The bow stave is elliptical in cross section along its entire length. It has knob-like projections at each end for holding the bowstring, which is of braided sinew. Two braided sinew cables on the back of the bow are secured by a long piece of braided sinew wrapped in a spiral manner along most of the bow stave, and by a series of hitches at either end. This bow was collected together with several arrows and a quiver. More information on bows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.Arrows: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/320 , retrieved 2-5-2020: This set of four arrows was acquired as set with a bow and a quiver. Each arrow has been fletched with trimmed feathers, and the shafts of the arrows at the fletching have marks created by staining that might have been applied to identify the owner. One of the arrows is missing its arrowhead, but the three others have blunt points, or 'bunts', made from bone or antler. The ends of these shafts have been cut to form wedge shapes, which are fitted into V-shaped openings in the bases of the bunts and secured with sinew lashing. Two of the bunts have engraved encircling lines. More information on arrows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.Associated quiver is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/322 , retrieved 1-17-2020. General information on quivers here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/46: Arrows were kept in skin quivers that hunters carried slung on their backs. Red ochre stain and other decorations were often added to bring luck or to give power to the hunter.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/233 , retrieved 12-19-2019: A pair of men's gloves. The fingers are made from a separate piece sewn onto the hand piece. The gloves are decorated with a row of large blue trade beads across the knuckles and near the cuff. Materials: sinew, caribou hide.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/232 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Pipe with a bowl and pipe stem both made of wood (?). The bowl is made in two pieces that are held together by a wrapping of braided sinew. The pipe stem is in two longitudinal sections that have been bound together with a thong made of hide, which also wraps around a flange at the base of the bowl, fastening it to the stem. A pick made of bone or antler is attached to the pipe by a hide thong. This is identified as a 'Boy's Tobacco Pipe' in the MacFarlane Collection catalogue. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.

FROM CARD: "NOT IN COLLECTION."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/231 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Whistle or hunting call fashioned from a rounded piece of wood split in two and with slight concavities cut into the matching faces. A piece of baleen is held lengthwise between the two wood pieces, which are bound with sinew in shallow grooves cut into each end. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/31: Inuvialuit hunters used whistles as hunting calls to attract muskrats and waterfowl. They were made with a strip of baleen or bark held between two pieces of wood bound together at each end with sinew. The inner surfaces of the wood pieces are slightly hollowed, exposing the strip of bark or baleen. A whistling sound was made by blowing through the gap.

FROM CARD: " 1 CASE & 1 NEEDLE."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/230 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Needle case, strap and belt hook. The needle case is a hollow ivory tube with eight split beads embedded in shallow drilled holes and cemented in place. The beads are a small, opaque blue variety. One end of a hide strap with a hole at one end and split along most of its length passes through the needle case and terminates with a knot. A large bead or cap made from ivory may once have been attached to that end to prevent the strap from pulling through the tube. The other end of the strap is attached to an ivory hook. These hooks have variously been identified as belt hooks or holders for skin thimbles. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/42: Sewing needles were kept in a tube-like case with a skin strap running through the centre. The needles were stuck into the strap, and then pulled into the case. Hooks for fastening the case to a belt, or holders for thimbles made from skin, were often attached to one end of the leather straps.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/228 , retrieved 12-19-2019: Harpoon model. This is an accurate model of the type of harpoon used for hunting seals at their breathing holes in the sea ice. The wooden harpoon shaft has a socket piece for a moveable foreshaft attached at one end, and an ice chisel was attached at the other end (now broken away). A section of ivory lashed to the shaft near the socket piece was most likely a hand grip. The body of the harpoon head is barbed, and has a barbed iron blade secured in a slot at its tip and held there with an iron rivet. The harpoon head and foreshaft are both attached to the shaft with lengths of sinew, and sinew has been used as lashing for attaching the socket piece, hand grip and ice chisel to the shaft. In a full-size harpoon thongs made from seal hide would have been used for that purpose. The harpoon head, forehaft, socket piece, grip and ice chisel have all been fashioned from ivory.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/227 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Lance holder for the deck of a kayak, made from ivory. It consists of a centre piece shaped to fit against the inverted 'V' shape of the deck of a kayak, with smaller pieces attached at each end with an iron rivets. The faces of the centre and end pieces are cut aslant where they join so that the end pieces extend inwards and upwards at a shallow angle. A piece of babiche connects the inner part of the end pieces to the centre piece by passing through holes drilled in each piece, and then wrapping around itself. A hole drilled through the joints at each end would have been used for mounting the holder to the kayak. The upper surfaces of the centre and end pieces are decorated with a series of engraved circles with a the centre. This circle and dot motif is commonly seen on Alaskan Inupiat artifacts. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/33: Holders and rests were lashed to the decks of kayaks forward of the cockpit to keep lances and harpoons secure but ready when needed. Lance holders, such as the one illustrated here, were attached close to the bow. The tip of a lance or harpoon would be inserted into one of the triangular openings, and the opposite end of the shaft would sit against a rest that was fastened to the kayak deck close to the cockpit.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM REPT, 1894; FIG.254, P. 564 *DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CAT. #570."

FROM CARD: "7477, PADDLE AND 2 POLES TRANSFERRED BACK TO DIV. OF ETHNOLOGY FROM DIV. OF ENGINEERING, JANUARY 25, 1934. INVENTORIED 1974. LOAN GLENBOW NOV 13 1987. LOAN RETURNED NOV 25 1988. ILLUS.: THE SPIRIT SINGS. CATALOGUE, GLENBOW-ALBERTA INST., 1987, #A94, P. 130." See Collins boat MS. p. 820.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/200 , retrieved 2-5-2020: Model of a kayak with prominent upturned ends that are distinctive of Inuvialuit kayaks. The frame is made from wood, and the cover is made from several pieces of hide stretched over the frame and stitched together. A seam running lengthwise on the deck has been stained with red ochre. Deck lashings made from braided sinew for holding hunting implements are attached fore and aft of the cockpit and a lance holder made from antler or bone is attached to the deck near the front end. The model includes a throwing board, the shaft of a lance with a wrapping of baleen at the tip end (the tip is missing), a double-bladed paddle, and a paddle with a single blade. Both paddles have been decorated using red ochre. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/32: Inuvialuit used lightweight kayaks for hunting whales and seals, setting and hauling fishnets, and spearing swimming caribou. The frames were made from driftwood, and skins of seals or beluga whales were used for covers. Inuvialuit kayaks had distinctive upturned stems that were useful for lifting them from the water. Full-sized kayaks would have been difficult to send to the Smithsonian Institution, and MacFarlane instead collected accurately made models.

FROM CARD: "A PAIR OF ALEUT BOOTS IS SO NUMBERED. 1 ILLUS. IN PROCEEDINGS, USNM, VOL. 60; PL. 25, NO. 11; P. 48.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/224 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Harpoon heads made from ivory and antler with iron blades that are held in place with iron rivets. The body of one of the harpoon heads has a paired barbs and in addition has a barbed iron blade set into a slot at its end. of the barbed harpoon head has a single pair of barbs. Another of the harpoon heads lacks barbs, but has an iron blade with two pairs of barbs. Each of the harpoon heads has a line hole running though the body in the same plane as the blade, and a single spur. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/30: Harpoons are used for hunting sea mammals such as seals and whales. They have a point, or 'head', that separates from the rest of the harpoon and remains attached to the quarry. A line running from the harpoon head is held by the hunter or attached to a float, allowing the animal or fish to be retrieved. Thrusting harpoons, used for hunting seals at breathing holes on the sea ice, generally have long foreshafts that swivel inside a socket piece attached to the harpoon shaft in order to release the harpoon head. Throwing harpoons used for hunting seals and whales in open water normally have foreshafts that are more securely fixed to the harpoon shaft. Both types are found in the MacFarlane Collection.