FROM CARD: "SEVERAL IN COIL. BONE OR WOODEN SHANKS, THROUGH THE LOWER END OF WHICH ARE PASSED BARBLESS IVORY, IRON, OR COPPER POINTS. GANGINGS MADE OF SPLIT QUILLS, WALRUS WHISKER, OR WHALEBONE; SOME HAVE STONE OR IVORY SINKERS WITH SNOODS; LINES MADE OF WALRUS HIDE, WHALEBONE, ETC. CAT. NO. 2197. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 352, FIG. 4D."SI Archives Distribution lists for 1867 list this number as being exchanged, but does not list where the item(s) went. It is described as a a "whalebone line, hook"Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/240 , retrieved 12-31-2019: Six fish hooks and two bundles of fishing line made from strips of baleen. The shanks of the fish hooks are made from small pieces of wood that have been split at one end for inserting a barb. The barbs are made of bone. They are sharpened to a point at one end, and the end that is inserted into the split end of the shank is notched on one edge. The baleen line extends along the length of the fish hook, and is wrapped around the split end of the shank and the protruding notched end of the barb.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM AR, 1894; FIG. 21; P. 290. INVENTORIED 1975. LENT TO PRINCE OF WALES NORTHERN HERITAGE CENTER, 6-3-92. LOAN RETURNED: DEC 21 1992."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/239 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Snow goggles with wood eye shades attached to strips of hide. The eye shades are rectangular with rounded edges, and are convex on the outside and concave on the inside, where they have been blackened with soot or charcoal. Each eye shade has a narrow slit cut into it. The eye shades are stitched to separate pieces of hide on each side and in the centre with sinew. The side pieces in turn are stitched to narrower thong ties. One of these ties has a slit at the end for joining to the corresponding end of the tie on the opposite side. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/52: Snow goggles protect the eyes from bright sunlight reflected from snow and ice which can burn the retinas and result in snow blindness. Similar to squinting, the narrow horizontal slits in the snow goggles allow only a small amount of sunlight to reach the eyes but still allow the person wearing them to see.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/238 , retrieved 1-3-2020: Pipe made almost entirely from wood. The pipe stem is in two longitudinal sections that have been bound together with a baleen wrapping. Strips of hide were laid along the junctures of the two sections before they were bound together, presumably to seal the joints. One end has been shaped to serve as a bowl for holding tobacco. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: nuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. ...

FROM CARD: "1 QUIVER, 9 IRON POINTS, 13 BONE POINTS, 3 STICKS. *DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CAT. #630."

FROM CARD: "1710 FOUND DEC 1975."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/237 , retrieved 12-19-2019: Man's parka made of caribou hide. The back of the parka is a bit longer than the front and has a slightly curved shape. White skin hood gores extend onto the front of the parka. The hood and hem of the parka are trimmed with wolverine fur. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/44: In winter men, women and children wore skin parkas (qusungat) over an inner garment (atigi). They were skillfully tailored using many individual pieces of skin (usually caribou) chosen for the thickness of the hide and qualities of the hair. Men's and women's parkas each had their own style, evident in the shape of the hood and the hem, and children's clothing mirrored the clothing of adults. Each parka was made to fit one particular individual, with the seamstress measuring with hand and eye and following complex patterns that were handed down from generation to generation. Parkas were decorated by incorporating pieces of skin with shorn hair and contrasting colours, and were sometimes coloured with dyes. The hood, cuffs and hem of the parka were usually trimmed with wolverine fur, which kept the cold out and because frost was easy to brush off the thick and stiff fur.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM REPT, 1895; PL. 19, FIG. 3; P. 784"Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/236 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Graver with an iron blade set into a handle made from antler. The blade has been sharpened along one edge and at the tip. The handle consists of a piece of antler that has been split along the long axis. The resulting two pieces have matching grooves at one end, and were rejoined after the blade was inserted. Part of the handle has been cut away, leaving a slight step at each end. A cord made of braided sinew is wrapped around the handle below the step at the end holding the blade. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/27: Gravers with iron tips held in bone and antler shafts were used for engraving designs on ivory, bone, antler and wood.

From card: "Bear skin."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/235 , retrieved 12-17-2019: A pair of man's caribou hide gloves. The fingers are made from a separate pieces of hide sewn onto the hand piece. Red strips of wool cloth follow the lines of the hand, along the base of knuckles, in the palm and at the wrist. The wrists are bordered with a band of red wool cloth, and strips of cream and dark cropped hide and snippets of red wool. An outer strip at the wrist is wolverine hide and is coloured with ochre on the skin side.

Bow: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/234 , retrieved 2-5-2020: Simple bow with sinew backing made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce. The bow stave is elliptical in cross section along its entire length. It has knob-like projections at each end for holding the bowstring, which is of braided sinew. Two braided sinew cables on the back of the bow are secured by a long piece of braided sinew wrapped in a spiral manner along most of the bow stave, and by a series of hitches at either end. This bow was collected together with several arrows and a quiver. More information on bows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.Arrows: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/320 , retrieved 2-5-2020: This set of four arrows was acquired as set with a bow and a quiver. Each arrow has been fletched with trimmed feathers, and the shafts of the arrows at the fletching have marks created by staining that might have been applied to identify the owner. One of the arrows is missing its arrowhead, but the three others have blunt points, or 'bunts', made from bone or antler. The ends of these shafts have been cut to form wedge shapes, which are fitted into V-shaped openings in the bases of the bunts and secured with sinew lashing. Two of the bunts have engraved encircling lines. More information on arrows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.Associated quiver is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/322 , retrieved 1-17-2020. General information on quivers here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/46: Arrows were kept in skin quivers that hunters carried slung on their backs. Red ochre stain and other decorations were often added to bring luck or to give power to the hunter.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/233 , retrieved 12-19-2019: A pair of men's gloves. The fingers are made from a separate piece sewn onto the hand piece. The gloves are decorated with a row of large blue trade beads across the knuckles and near the cuff. Materials: sinew, caribou hide.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/232 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Pipe with a bowl and pipe stem both made of wood (?). The bowl is made in two pieces that are held together by a wrapping of braided sinew. The pipe stem is in two longitudinal sections that have been bound together with a thong made of hide, which also wraps around a flange at the base of the bowl, fastening it to the stem. A pick made of bone or antler is attached to the pipe by a hide thong. This is identified as a 'Boy's Tobacco Pipe' in the MacFarlane Collection catalogue. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.