Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/211 , retrieved 12-27-2019: Boy's caribou skin parka.

From card: "Procured between the years 1850 - 1860. One piece of tanned skin sewed with sinew at center front and back. Lighter piece of white deerskin with floral design in green, red, and pink yarn. Colored quilled plaiting in two colors at border of top piece."Clothing set E328766, E328767, and E328768 is illus. Fig. 8, p. 53 in Thompson, Judy, 1999, "Marketing Tradition: Late Nineteenth-Century Gwich'in Clothing Ensembles," American Indian Art Magazine, 24(4). Identified there as Gwichi'in type. Because E328769 is identified as part of this clothing set as well on cards for E328766 - 8, it has also been listed as possibly Gwich'in.

FROM CARD: "MADE OF IVORY, HAS A CURVED HANDLE. NOT IN THE COLLECTION."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/210 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Toggle made of ivory. It is widest at the midpoint, where a slot has been cut for attaching to a line. From there it curves and tapers toward each end. It is decorated on three surfaces with incised lines. The Smithsonian Institution's catalogue erroneously lists this item as a whistle or call. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/57: Toggles are a type of handle attached to the end of lines. They were used at the ends of harpoon lines, and on lines used for dragging seals and other heavy items over snow and ice. The also were used to join two lines by passing a toggle attached to one line through a loop on another line.

FROM CARD: "USED BY THE ANDERSON RIVER ESKIMO. A MACKENZIE RIVER KAIAK MADE BY STRETCHING DEER SKIN OVER A LIGHT WOODEN FRAME & COMPLETELY COVERING IT WITH THE EXCEPTION OF NEARLY CIRCULAR MANHOLE IN CENTER OF DECK; LONG POINTED ENDS WHICH CURVE UP FROM BELOW & RISE AT EXTREMITIES IN SLIM HIGH POINTS LIKE HIGH STEM OR STERMPOST; NARROW ROUND BOTTOM; FLARING SIDES; ONE DOUBLE-BLADED PADDLE. OVER: THIS MODEL IS ORNAMENTED WITH RUDE [sic] DRAWINGS IN RED SHOWING THE SUMMER CAMP OF THE ESKIMO, AND AN ESKIMO HUNTER RETURNING FROM A HUNT WITH A DOG PULLING THE GAME." See Collins boat MS. p. 818.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/209 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Model of a kayak with prominent upturned ends that are distinctive of Inuvialuit kayaks. It has a frame made from wood components joined by lashings and mortise and tenon joints, and a cover made from several pieces of hide stretched over the frame and stitched together. Deck lashings made from sinew for holding hunting implements are attached fore and aft of the cockpit. On each side of the model is a drawing made using red ochre. One drawing illustrates a camp scene with a person standing next to a tent, and the drawing on the other side is a hunting scene with an individual holding a harpoon and a dog dragging a seal. The model includes a double-bladed paddle and a lance. Both are made of wood, and the lance has a metal tip. The paddle and the lance have been decorated with transverse lines made from red and black pigments. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/32: Inuvialuit used lightweight kayaks for hunting whales and seals, setting and hauling fishnets, and spearing swimming caribou. The frames were made from driftwood, and skins of seals or beluga whales were used for covers. Inuvialuit kayaks had distinctive upturned stems that were useful for lifting them from the water. Full-sized kayaks would have been difficult to send to the Smithsonian Institution, and MacFarlane instead collected accurately made mod

FROM CARD: "METAL BOWL."This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/208 , retrieved 1-24-2020. General information on pipes is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe

FROM CARD: "TRIBE YUKON RIVER INDS. HAN KOOTCHIN." ILLUS (tunic and moccasin trousers).: CROSSROADS OF CONTINENTS CATALOGUE; FIG. 67, P.65. LOAN: CROSSROADS SEP 22, 1988. LOAN RETURNED: JAN 21 1993."Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact (under # ET1857A) http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=4, retrieved 8-13-2012: Tunic. This tunic has fringes at the hem, chest, and cuffs, and comes to a point in both front and back, which was a traditional Gwich'in man's style.(1) Trimble Gilbert, Eliza Jones, and Judy Woods identified the main part of the tunic as skin from a moose cow (female) or calf, with a strip of caribou sewn along the bottom to make the fringes. The garment is expensively ornamented with glass beads acquired from Russian traders or the Hudson's Bay Company and with tusk-shaped "dentalium" shells which come from a marine mollusk (genus Dentalium) that inhabits the coastal waters of southeast Alaska. Dentalium shells were highly valued for jewelry and for decorating clothing, and were traded from the southern coast into interior Alaska before European contact. Later, they were imported by the Hudson's Bay Company.(2) There are many stories in Athabascan oral tradition about ways that these shells were obtained, such as by lowering a human body, dog, or meat into a mythical well or pond.(3) Red lines seen along the hem, seams, and beaded areas of the tunic were painted with red ocher, a mineral pigment that was also highly valued as an indigenous trade item.(4) Tsaih [red ocher] was said to have supernatural power, and locations where it was found were regarded as sacred.(5) This pigment was traditionally used by the Gwich'in for face painting and to decorate clothing, snowshoes, toboggans, and bows.(6) The tunic was part of a set acquired by Hudson's Bay Company trader Bernard Ross in the 1850s or 1860s (see moccasin trousers and mittens E1857-1 and E1857-2). Tunics without hoods and decorated with long fringes and colorful chest bands made of beads or quills were once standard clothing for many Athabascan peoples, including the Deg Hit'an, Koyukon, Gwich'in, Upper Tanana, Dena'ina, and Ahtna.(7) In general, the bottoms of men's tunics were pointed in both front and back and came down to about the knee; women's tunics were usually straight in front and pointed in back, and extended to the ankles.(8) They were worn in combination with moccasin trousers (pants with built-in feet), a belt, cap, and mittens.(9) Men and women carried essentials such as face paints, fire-making equipment, charms, and small personal belongings in pouches that they hung around their necks or tucked into their belts. Knives were worn in the belt or in a hanging sheath.(10) 1. Osgood 1936:42-43 2. McKennan 1959:129, 1965:25; Osgood 1936:47-48; Simeone and VanStone 1986:5-6 3. Osgood 1970:189-90 4. Osgood 1936:93 5. Slobodin 1981:517 6. Hadleigh West 1963:230; Osgood 1936:93 7. Dall 1870:82-83; Duncan 1989; Jones 1872:320; McKennan 1959:78-80; Michael 1967:244-246; Murray 1910:84-94; Osgood 1936:44-45; Richardson 1851[Vol. 1]:377, 380; Simeone and VanStone 1986:4-5; Whymper 1868:203 8. Vanstone 1981:8-10 9. McKennan 1959:78 10. Thompson 1994:25Illus. Fig. 66A p. 96 in Van Kampen, Ukjese. 2012. The History of Yukon First Nations Art, Phd dissertation, Leiden University. https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/18984 . Van Kampen identifies as Han.

From card: "Bone Implements for gambling?"Throwing weapon for birds: ducks and geese. Bolas were also sometimes used for sport. See remarks for E63258 for more information.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/207 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Bolas with eight weights made from antler and braided sinew cords. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/68: The bolas is a throwing implement made of several interconnected and weighted cords. It is used by twirling the weighted cords, and then casting them at low-flying birds, entangling the birds in the cords.

From card: "White fox skin."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/206 , retrieved 12-19-2019: A pair of mittens made from polar bear hide with the fur left on. These mittens are longer than most others in the MacFarlane Collection, and would have extended further up the wrist. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/41: Mittens with separate thumbs were used for keeping the hands warm in winter. They usually have the hair on the outside at the back of the mitten, which can be held against one's face to keep it warm. The mittens usually are quite short, as the fur trim on the sleeves of parkas protected the exposed wrist.