From card: "Purchased of O. F. Northrup. Illus. in USNM AR, 1888; Pl. 25, fig. 107; p. 284. [Dagger is identified in this publication as Tlingit type.] "carved to resemble a sharks head."" From 19th or early 20th century exhibit label with card: "Double-bladed dagger and sheath. - Blades made of steel; the handle, which is mounted with copper and wrapped with cloth, is set between the two blades. The short blade above the handle is ornamented with hammered totemic designs. The long blade has a groove down the middle. Sheath made of buckskin with neck-strap attached. Length of lower blade, 12 5/8 inches; length of upper blade, 5 inches. Copper River Indians (Athapaskan stock), Alaska. Collected by James G. Swan. This dagger is clearly of the Tlinkit type, and was procured by the Copper River Indians through trade."Provenience note: This object appears on Swan list in accession file under # 2 on Masset list. Object is listed as from Fort Wrangel [a.k.a. Wrangell], Alaska, collected 1883, from O.F. Northrup, and is listed as made by Atna River Indians, Alaska. The entry on this object in the Anthropology catalogue ledger book says Atna, Copper River, purchased from O.F. Northrup. (Note that there was an Oscar F. Northrop in the fur business in Wrangell, which may be the same man?) Dagger is attributed as Tlingit type on old museum exhibit label and in USNM AR for 1888 (see remarks above).

FROM CARD: "*DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CAT. #575."

From card: "Deer skin."This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/280 , retrieved 2-10-2020. General information on footwear is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/23: Warm, dry footwear is essential for survival in the Arctic. The MacFarlane Collection includes examples of knee-length boots known as kamaks, and ankle high moccasin-type footwear. These garments have been skillfully made, and often were decorated by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin. The soles are crimped along the front edges to make the shape conform to the foot.

FROM CARD: "*DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CAT. #607. COLLAR TO SHIRT TAIL 97.3 CM. ACROSS YOKE 63 CM. "POINTED TUNIC HIDE, PORCUPINE QUILLS; PONY BEADS; RED OCHRE. GARMENT AND QUILLS SEWN WITH SINEW" KATE DUNCAN 1/1984."Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=9 , retrieved 8-9-2012: Tunic, Gwich'in Athabascan. Russian explorer Lavrentiy Zagoskin wrote in 1842-44 that Athabascan peoples of the Alaskan interior were "passionately fond of finery and bright colors."(1) This man's summer tunic, made of soft, lightly smoked caribou hide and embroidered with dyed porcupine quills, came from Gwich'in people of the upper Yukon-Porcupine River region, an area that spans both sides of the Alaska-Canada border. Hudson's Bay Company fur trader Bernard Ross acquired this garment for the Smithsonian in the 1850s or early 1860s, at a time when trade beads were still scarce and Gwich'in skin sewers decorated most clothing with geometrically-patterned bands of dyed, flattened porcupine quills.(2) Blue and red beads are used sparingly to decorate the fringes, which are also wrapped in quills. The seams and edges are outlined with a red paint made from ocher, a highly valued iron clay or mineral that was often applied to clothing and woodwork.(3) Tunics without hoods and decorated with long fringes and colorful chest bands made of beads or quills were once standard clothing for many Athabascan peoples, including the Deg Hit'an, Koyukon, Gwich'in, Upper Tanana, Dena'ina, and Ahtna.(4) In general, the bottoms of men's tunics were pointed in both front and back and came down to about the knee; women's tunics were usually straight in front and pointed in back, and extended to the ankles.(5) They were worn in combination with moccasin trousers (pants with built-in feet), a belt, cap, and mittens.(6) Men and women carried essentials such as face paints, fire-making equipment, charms, and small personal belongings in pouches that they hung around their necks or tucked into their belts. Knives were worn in the belt or in a hanging sheath.(7) Some contemporary Athabascan artists make the old style tunics, which went out of everyday use across most of Alaska by the end of the 19th century, and also carry on the tradition of porcupine quill embroidery.(8) Shirley Holmberg from Tanana, an expert quill worker, said, "I like to use fat long quills to cover more space. These long quills are the ones you see the porcupine stick out when he is protecting himself. You have to soak the quills. If you use them just like they are, they crack." he quills are flattened and then sewn down using sinew thread.(9) 1. Michael 1967:244 2. Duncan 1989:33-38; Thompson 1994:15-17 3. Hadleigh West 1963:230; McKennan 1959:68; Osgood 1936:93, 1940:383-385; Schmitter 1985:10 4. Dall 1870:82-83; Duncan 1989; Jones 1872:320; McKennan 1959:78-80; Michael 1967:244-246; Murray 1910:84-94; Osgood 1936:44-45; Richardson 1851[Vol. 1]:377, 380; Simeone and VanStone 1986:4-5; Whymper 1868:203 5. Vanstone 1981:8-10 6. McKennan 1959:78 7. Thompson 1994:25 8. Duncan 1989:89, 1997:24-25; Steinbright 1984:90-92 9. Steinbright 1984:90-91Illus. Fig. 62C p. 91 in Van Kampen, Ukjese. 2012. The History of Yukon First Nations Art, Phd dissertation, Leiden University. https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/18984 .

FROM CARD: "ILLUS., HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 355, FIG. 9. LABRET OF IVORY MOUTH PIECE WITH 2 BLUE BEADS ATTACHED WITH WOODEN DOWELS."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/279 , retrieved 1-24-2020: Labret made of ivory with two glass beads attached by means of wood dowels inserted into holes drilled into the body of the labret and the beads. A third hole in the labret may have been intended to hold a similar bead and dowel. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/35: Inuvialuit males wore stud-shaped ornaments in incisions under each corner of the mouth. Labrets were often decorated by attaching half of a bead to the outer surface.

FROM CARD: "*DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CAT. #531. THIS OBJECT WAS STORED AT NHB WITH SUBARCTIC COLLECTIONS PRIOR TO MOVE TO MSC."

FROM CARD: "PARKA FOUND 12/1975 TROUSERS FOUND 5/1976."Parka: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/289 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Woman's parka. This is part of a set that includes trousers. The parka is made of reindeer skin with long rounded flaps front and back. The hood is made with white skin and extends past the shoulders to form triangular sections down the front and the back of the parka. On the side of the hood is a thin strip of dark stained intestine or stomach skin. The back of the hood, the upper arms, and the hem are decorated and finely pieced with many bands of light and dark cropped skin and snippets of red wool. There are long wolverine fur tassels on the top of the hood, on the chest, upper arms, back of shoulders, and middle back. The hood and the hem are trimmed with wolverine fur. The wolverine fur is stained red on the skin side. Reindeer are a domesticated variety of caribou. At the time Inuvialuit were trading at Fort Anderson the nearest reindeer were in Siberia. The reindeer hides used to make this parka probably came to the area through long distance trade networks that Inuvialuit and Inupiat developed throughout the western Canadian Arctic and Alaska and into Siberia.Trousers: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/278 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Woman's pants with stockings attached made from caribou hide with the hair on the outside. Small pieces of hide with white hair create stripes on the outside of the knees. The feet are made with white and lighter coloured belly skin. A piece of ground squirrel fur has been added at the top of the trousers. This is part of a set that includes a parka.

FROM CARD: "DEER SKIN. 2 PARTS."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/277 , retrieved 12-27-2019: Tent Model; object is not further analyzed or described on site. More general information on tent models here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/55: The MacFarlane collection includes models of tents with wooden tent poles and caribou skin covers. Poles of full-size tents were typically about 4 metres in length, and were fastened together at the top and spread out to form a cone. Caribou skins were usually used as tent cover. Tents were used for shelter in summer, and were attached to the entrances of winter sod house dwellings and used for cooking over open fires.

FROM CARD: "INVENTORIED 1977."This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/276 , retrieved 2-10-2020. General information on bags is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/45: Traditional Inuvialuit clothing had no pockets. Instead, small bags or pouches were used for carrying items such as sewing implements, tobacco, and tinder, flint and steel for making fire. These bags often were exquisitely made by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin and decorating them with fringes and beads.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/275 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Pipe with a metal bowl and a stem made of wood. The upper part of the bowl is made of brass and is attached to a cylindrical metal post with a flange at its base. The bowl has a shallow concavity at the top, with a hole that continues through to the stem. The pipe stem is in two longitudinal sections that have been bound together with several lengths of braided sinew, one of which wraps around a flange at the base of the bowl, fastening it to the stem. A pick made of bone or antler is attached to the pipe tem by strands of sinew. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.