« The manufacture of snowshoes among the Lake St. John and Mistassini Indians has been described in considerable detail by Lips (1947, pp. 69-77) and Rogers (1967, pp. 91-101). The webbing was laced with a needle, of which there are six in the collection, one made of wood and five of bone. These needles are pointed at both ends and have a hole in the center. All are approximately the length of the illustrated specimens (fig. 32d,i). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.18, fig 32d, i (p.60).

« The manufacture of snowshoes among the Lake St. John and Mistassini Indians has been described in considerable detail by Lips (1947, pp. 69-77) and Rogers (1967, pp. 91-101). The webbing was laced with a needle, of which there are six in the collection, one made of wood and five of bone. These needles are pointed at both ends and have a hole in the center. All are approximately the length of the illustrated specimens (fig. 32d,i). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.18, fig 32d, i (p.60).

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« Awls are described as wood-working tools because, according to Rogers (1967, p. 47), they were used by the Mistassini to make holes in snowshoe frames for the selvage thongs. However, they were certainly also used for making holes in hides. Of the three awls in the Speck collection, two have circular wooden handles into one end of which metal points are inserted. The point of the largest specimen appears to have been made from a small file (fig. 4f), while that of the smaller is made from a sharpened nail (fig. 4c). The third awl, with a point made from a small file or file fragment, has a bone handle (fig. 4b). Two of these specimens are from Kiskisink. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4c et f (p.32).

« Awls are described as wood-working tools because, according to Rogers (1967, p. 47), they were used by the Mistassini to make holes in snowshoe frames for the selvage thongs. However, they were certainly also used for making holes in hides. Of the three awls in the Speck collection, two have circular wooden handles into one end of which metal points are inserted. The point of the largest specimen appears to have been made from a small file (fig. 4f), while that of the smaller is made from a sharpened nail (fig. 4c). The third awl, with a point made from a small file or file fragment, has a bone handle (fig. 4b). Two of these specimens are from Kiskisink. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4c et f (p.32).

« Awls are described as wood-working tools because, according to Rogers (1967, p. 47), they were used by the Mistassini to make holes in snowshoe frames for the selvage thongs. However, they were certainly also used for making holes in hides. Of the three awls in the Speck collection, two have circular wooden handles into one end of which metal points are inserted. The point of the largest specimen appears to have been made from a small file (fig. 4f), while that of the smaller is made from a sharpened nail (fig. 4c). The third awl, with a point made from a small file or file fragment, has a bone handle (fig. 4b). Two of these specimens are from Kiskisink. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4c et f (p.32).